How Gerrymandering Gave us Donald Trump (And Bernie, too)

Last night was another Republican debate, this time minus “The Donald.” It’s difficult to believe that this assortment of wannabes is the best a once-serious political party can muster.

How have we come to this?

David Brooks, the conservative columnist for the New York Times, is a thoughtful observer of the American scene, and while (in my opinion) he often misses with his analysis, he also often contributes to our understanding of the America we inhabit.

In a recent column, Brooks honed in on the public’s pervasive feelings of powerlessness:

The Republican establishment thinks the grass roots have the power but the grass roots think the reverse. The unions think the corporations have the power but the corporations think the start-ups do. Regulators think Wall Street has the power but Wall Street thinks the regulators do. The Pew Research Center asked Americans, “Would you say your side has been winning or losing more?” Sixty-four percent of Americans, with majorities of both parties, believe their side has been losing more.

These days people seem to underestimate their own power or suffer from what Giridharadas calls the “anxiety of impotence.”…

There are, as Brooks points out, many reasons for these perceptions of powerlessness, and certainly not all of them are political. That said, however, a case can be made that one of the great frustrations fueling the palpable anger in today’s electorate is the realization by so many citizens that their votes don’t count.

The American message has always been that we have political choice. If we don’t approve of the behavior of our political representatives, we can vote them out. Increasingly, that’s not true; gerrymandering has produced Congressional districts that would re-elect dead people if they ran with the correct political label.

At the federal level, the House of Representatives is unrepresentative of the American public, and likely to remain that way. In the last Congressional cycle, Democrats garnered a million more votes than the Republicans who nevertheless remain firmly in control—and, thanks to checks and balances—able to obstruct and defeat policies favored by a popularly-elected President.

I’ve written previously about the lack of competitiveness that gerrymandering produces, and about other deleterious consequences of the practice. Brooks points to one I omitted: the frustration experienced by citizens who feel—with considerable justification—that they have no voice.

Plagued by the anxiety of impotence many voters are drawn to leaders who pretend that our problems could be solved by defeating some villain. Donald Trump says stupid elites are the problem. Ted Cruz says it’s the Washington cartel. Bernie Sanders says it’s Wall Street.

When voters feel powerless, they are vulnerable to simple messages, identifiable villains, and candidates who channel their anger.

If history is any guide, that has never turned out well.

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Trust and Transparency

A couple of years ago, I wrote a book titled “Distrust: American Style” in which I argued that much of our current social dysfunction and polarization results from a massive loss of trust in our common institutions–not just government, but also big business and even nonprofits. Think of Enron and World Com, think of the Red Cross scandals, think of doping sports stars.  Think of the Catholic Church cover-up scandal.

Things haven’t improved since I wrote the book. In the wake of the fiscal collapse triggered by big investment banks and too-cozy relationships with the people responsible for regulating them, there has been enough information to tarnish our confidence in a whole raft of financial and governmental institutions. Pre-eminent among them were the ratings agencies–the entities most of us had long trusted to serve as “grey eminences” protecting us from accounting shenanigans and other trickery by carefully examining the books of those issuing debt instruments. That they operated with little transparency was rarely noted. What we discovered after the proverbial shit hit the fan was that the ratings agencies–paid by the issuers–weren’t above looking the other way in order to collect their very handsome fees. Somehow, this very real conflict of interest had escaped everyone’s notice.

So I must agree with Senator Bernie Sanders, who issued the following statement when Standard and Poor downgraded U.S. debt this weekend:

“I find it interesting to see S&P so vigilant today in downgrading the U.S. credit rating. Where were they four years ago when they, and other credit rating agencies, helped cause this horrendous recession by providing AAA ratings to worthless sub-prime mortgage securities on behalf of Wall Street investment firms?  Where were they last December when Congress and the White House drove up the national debt by $700 billion by extending Bush’s tax breaks for the rich?”

Fair questions.

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Sermon for a Sunday Morning

Last week, Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders renewed his call for “shared sacrifice” in addressing the budget deficit.

In remarks made after it was reported that some of this nation’s largest and most profitable corporations paid no U.S. taxes despite posting huge profits, Sanders said it is grossly unfair for congressional Republicans to propose major cuts to Head Start, Pell Grants, the Social Security Administration, nutrition grants for pregnant low-income women and the Environmental Protection Agency while ignoring the reality that some of the most profitable corporations pay nothing or almost nothing in federal income taxes.

Sanders has previously advocating tax reform to close corporate tax loopholes and eliminate cushy tax breaks for oil and gas companies. He has also introduced legislation to impose a 5.4 percent surtax on millionaires that is calculated to yield nearly $50 billion a year. The senator has said that spending cuts must be paired with new revenue so the federal budget is not balanced solely on the backs of working families. “We have a deficit problem,” he said, “and it has to be addressed. But it cannot be addressed on the backs of the sick, the elderly, the poor, young people, the most vulnerable in this country. The wealthiest people and largest corporations in this country have got to contribute. We’ve got to talk about shared sacrifice.”

So many people insist that this is a “Christian nation.” Wouldn’t a truly Christian nation follow Sander’s advice?

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